Trypanosomiasis
Aetiology
 |
| Typanosoma appearance in blood film |
The major veterinary species are
T. congolense,
T. vivax,
T. brucei brucei and
T. Simlae
Zoonotic species;
T. brucei rhodensiense and
T. brucei gambiense
The above two are zoonotic species of trypanosoma which affected people as the predominant host causing sleeping sickness in human being
Host:
The hosts affected by the above major veterinary species of trypanosoma include
cattle,
sheep,
goat and
Many other domestic and wild animals’ species.
Vector:
 |
| Tsetse fly |
The vector is tsetse fly (glossina) of difference species viz;
Glossina morsitans (found in the savanna area),
Glossina palpalis (areas around rivers and lakes) and
Glossina fusca (high forest areas)
All these three species transmit Trypanosomiasis and feed on a wide spectrum of mammals.
Clinical Signs:
In ruminants, the major signs are;
- Anemia
- Generalized enlargement of the superficial lymph glands
- Lethargy and
- Progressive loss of bodily condition
- Fever and loss of appetite
- The growth of the young animals is stunted while adults show decreased fertility and if pregnant, may abort or give birth to a weak offspring.
- In the terminal stage, animals become extremely weak, the lymph nodes are reduced in size and there is often jugular pulse.
- Death is associated with congestive heart failure due to anemia and myocarditis.
In horse:
T. brucei infection may be acute or chronic;
1. Accompanied by oedema of the limbs and genitalia
In dogs and cats:
- Corneal opacity is a feature or characteristics signs
- Anemia
- Myocarditis
- Neurological changes and
- Ataxia
Diagnosis
- Blood sample To detect motile trypanosomes in fresh films of blood
- Clinical signs and symptom
- Case history of the animals being in the area with tsetse fly.
Prevention and Control:
- Control of tsetse fly
- Bush cleaning and elimination of game animals which tsetse fly feed on.
- Use of insecticide in form of ground and aerial spraying.
- Trapping
- Sterile male technique
2. Treatment
Using prophylactic dosing
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